

Surface contamination contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which was directly responsible for an estimated 1.27 million deaths globally in 2019. Drug-resistant pathogens on surfaces can easily transfer between people.
High-touch surfaces in shared spaces are more likely to be contaminated due to frequent contact.

Porous materials and damp areas. These environments can retain moisture and support microbial growth.

Non-porous materials. These surfaces are less likely to retain moisture but can still become contaminated through contact.


Surface contamination contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which was directly responsible for an estimated 1.27 million deaths globally in 2019.

In healthcare settings, MDROs can be transmitted from an infected or colonized patient to another through direct or indirect contact, representing potential routes for HAIs.

Contaminated surfaces can harbor drug-resistant bacteria for hours to months, creating a hidden reservoir for infections. Regular cleaning combined with active disinfection provides extra protection, continuously reducing microbial load and lowering the risk of HAIs.